The Northumbrians: North-East England and Its People: A New History

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Nature Journal (19 March 2015). "The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode: 2015Natur.519..309.. doi: 10.1038/nature14230. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095. Hayward, Freddie (26 March 2021). "Can the Northern Independence Party succeed?". New Statesman . Retrieved 26 March 2021. Richards, J.D. (1 January 1991). Book of Viking Age England. B.T. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-6519-8. Bede, Ecclesiastical History, III: XXIV Oswiu "subdued the greater part of the Picts to the dominion of the English" in 658.

Niven, Alex (3 April 2021). "Is the Northern Independence party more serious than it looks?". The Guardian . Retrieved 20 February 2022. Fraser, James E. (2006). The Pictish Conquest: The Battle of Dunnichen 685 and the Birth of Scotland. Stroud, Gloucester: Tempus. The first King of Northumbria to convert to Christianity was King Edwin. He was baptized by Paulinus in 627. [79] Shortly thereafter, many of his people followed his conversion to the new religion, only to return to paganism when Edwin was killed in 633. Paulinus was Bishop of York, but only for a year. [80]Fraser, James E (2009). From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748612321. Goffart, WalterA. (1988). The Narrators of Barbarian History (A. D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05514-5.

Pont, T. "Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay". c. 1583–1596. National Library of Scotland. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012 . Retrieved 1 September 2009. Few histories of North-East England take the grand sweep of time selected by The Northumbrians and few have the range of sources, including poetry, song, art, film and television, analysed succinctly here. The book is arranged thematically rather than chronologically – a decision much to its benefit – and yet this composition still allows for a neat Bede to Brexit structure. Included are chapters on the North East’s medieval past; the martial, fighting tradition prevalent throughout the centuries; the work of the great inventors, scientists, engineers and tinkerers who formed the ‘Northumbrian Enlightenment’; the landscape and architecture (with a walking tour through the ‘Northumbrian Riviera’) of the region; its endemic sociability, hedonism and boisterous drinking culture; and, finally, the current political scene, where the old assumptions about a Labour-voting region are scrutinised. White, Steve (1 October 2014). " 'Viking' MPs demand Northern referendum". Daily Mirror . Retrieved 14 March 2017. The macho-posturing associated with North East men may be seen today as one of the uglier aspects of the region’s historical hangovers, but learning, literacy and curiosity have also been part of its story through the ages. ‘The greatness of Northumbria in the Dark Ages was based less on its political power than on the distinctive Christian culture that flowered there in art and learning and religious piety’ (9). This emphasis on literacy, exemplified in the medieval period by the Lindisfarne Gospels, the Codex Amiatinus and the work of the Venerable Bede, filters through into the second golden age of Northumbrian history: the great era of the ‘Northumbrian Enlightenment’ and the extraordinary inventiveness of the Industrial Revolution. Kingdom (654–954) [ edit ] Communities and divisions [ edit ] Possible Celtic British origins [ edit ]

The Kings of Northumbria

Venning, Timothy (30 January 2014). The Kings & Queens of Anglo-Saxon England. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-2459-4.

Insular art, rich in symbolism and meaning, is characterized by its concern for geometric design rather than naturalistic representation, love of flat areas of colour, and use of complicated interlace patterns. [99] All of these elements appear in the Lindisfarne Gospels (early eighth century). The Insular style was eventually imported to the European continent, exercising great influence on the art of the Carolingian empire. [100] Sword pommel from the Bedale Hoard, inlaid with gold foil. St Cuthbert Reburied in Durham Cathedral". history today. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014 . Retrieved 23 August 2013. Hirst, Kris. "Viking Raids: The Early Medieval Practice of Viking Raids". About.com Guide. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013 . Retrieved 23 August 2013. Pirie, E.J. E (1982). "THE RIPON HOARD, 1695: CONTEMPORARY AND CURRENT INTEREST" (PDF). British Numismatic Journal. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.Despite the widespread misapprehension that endures to this day, Northumbrian distinctiveness derives not from Viking DNA but from Germanic ancestry,” says Dan. Although the Northumbrian king Eric was conflated with King Eric Bloodaxe of Norway in Icelandic sagas, Clare Downham and others have recently argued that the two were separate people. For a discussion of this shift in identification, see Downham, Clare 2004 "Eric Bloodaxe – Axed? The Mystery of the Last Scandinavian King of York", Medieval Scandinavia, vol. 14, pp. 51–77 The accent is ancient and immediately distinctive,” says Dan. This is because many of the dialect words have a clear Anglo-Saxon link. These differences in the practice of Christianity may have played a part in the unification of Bernicia and Deira under Oswald's successor, Oswiu. Although united under Aethelfrith, Bernicia and Deira maintained their old rivalry and these differences seem to have worsened after Edwin's death. After Oswald was killed in the Battle of Maserfield, the kingdom was divided between his brother Oswiu at Bernicia and Oswine (son of Osric, Edwin's cousin, r. 633-634 CE) at Deira. World Heretige List: Frontiers of the Roman Empire". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017 . Retrieved 5 April 2017.